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    November 13

    八大菜系

    鲁、川、苏、粤、闽、浙、湘、徽

    鲁菜,八大菜系之首,以清香、鲜嫩、味纯著称;尤重制汤,用高汤调制是一大特色。代表菜:糖醋鲤鱼、锅贴、灌汤包、脱骨扒鸡、肉末海参、香酥鸡、大虾烧白菜、黄鱼炖豆腐、烤鱿鱼、酱猪蹄、一品豆腐、拔丝金枣

    川菜:是中国最有特色的菜系,也是民间最大菜系。辣椒、胡椒、花椒、豆瓣酱等是主要调味品,不同的配比,化出了麻辣、酸辣、椒麻、麻酱、蒜泥、芥末、红油、糖醋、鱼香、怪味等各种味型,无不厚实醇浓,具有“一菜一格”、“百菜百味”的特殊风味。代表菜:鱼香肉丝、宫保鸡丁、粉蒸牛肉、麻婆豆腐、毛肚火锅、夫妻肺片、灯影牛肉、担担面、赖汤圆、龙抄手、回锅肉。

    苏菜:选料严谨,讲究鲜活,主料突出,刀工精细,擅长炖、焖、烧、烤,重视调汤,讲究原汁原味并精于造型,今天国宴仍以苏菜为主。代表菜:蟹粉狮子头、水晶肴肉、盐水鸭、香菇炖鸡、咕咾肉、松鼠桂鱼、碧螺虾仁、响油鳝糊、白汁圆菜、叫化童鸡、鸡油菜心、糖醋排骨、太湖银鱼、阳澄湖大闸蟹。小吃:小笼包子、薄饼、葱油饼、菜包、酥油烧饼、甜豆沙包、春卷、卤茶鸡蛋、糖粥藕、卤汁豆腐干、松子糖、玫瑰瓜子、苏式月饼、虾子酱油、枣泥麻饼、猪油年糕。

    粤菜:由广府、客家、潮汕三种风味组成。广府菜注重质和味,口味比较清淡,力求清中求鲜、淡中求美:龙虎斗、白灼虾、烤乳猪、香芋扣肉、狗肉煲、五彩炒蛇丝。客家风味下油重,口味偏咸,酱料简单,主料突出:东江盐焗鸡、爽口牛丸。潮汕菜以烹调海鲜见长,刀工技术讲究,口味偏重,喜用鱼露、沙茶酱、梅羔酱、姜酒等调味品:潮州卤鹅、护国菜、什锦乌石参、葱姜炒蟹、干炸虾枣

    闽菜:刀工巧妙,汤菜众多,调味奇特。五菜:佛跳墙,鸡汤氽海蚌,淡糟香螺片,荔枝肉,醉糟鸡。 五碗:太极芋泥、锅边糊、肉丸、鱼丸、扁肉燕。另外闽中有三明、沙县菜为代表,小吃居多。

    浙菜:以杭州菜为代表,重视原料的鲜、活、嫩,以鱼、虾、时令蔬菜为主,讲究刀工,口味清鲜,突出本味。代表菜:龙井虾仁、西湖莼菜汤、虾爆鳝背、西湖醋鱼、炸响铃、抢蟹、新风鳗鲞、咸菜大汤黄鱼、冰糖甲鱼、牡蛎跑蛋、蜜汁灌藕、嘉兴粽子、宁波汤团、湖州千张包。

    湘菜:油重色浓,讲求实惠,注重鲜香、酸辣、软嫩,尤以煨菜和腊菜着称。著名菜点:东安子鸡、腊味合蒸、组庵鱼翅、冰糖湘莲、红椒腊牛肉、发丝牛百页、火宫殿臭豆腐、吉首酸肉、换心蛋。

    徽菜:擅长烧、炖,讲究火功,并习以火腿佐味,冰糖求鲜,善于保持原汁原味,不少菜用木炭火单炖、原锅上桌。代表菜有:清炖马蹄、黄山炖鸽、腌鲜桂鱼、红烧果子狸、徽州毛豆腐、徽州桃脂烧肉等。

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